Smart Agriculture IoT | Shyam Sunder Kumar

SENSORS INTEGRATED

RESEARCH PUBLISHED

SYSTEM COMPONENTS

100%

REMOTE MONITORING

PROJECT_OVERVIEW

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Problem Statement

Traditional agriculture relies on manual monitoring, leading to water waste and crop loss due to poor timing. Farmers lack real-time access to field conditions, especially in remote areas.

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Our Solution

A complete IoT ecosystem using ESP32 microcontroller with multiple sensors — delivering live environmental data to a PHP/MySQL web dashboard, accessible from anywhere, with automated irrigation triggers.

🖥️

System Description

The system collects real-time data from a soil moisture sensor and DHT11 (temperature + humidity) sensor via an ESP32 module. The ESP32 sends this data over HTTP to a XAMPP-hosted PHP server, which stores readings in a MySQL database. The web dashboard visualizes data using charts and provides alerting when thresholds are breached. An automated relay controls the water pump based on soil moisture levels — removing the need for constant manual intervention.

SYSTEM_TERMINAL

smart-agri@esp32 ~ sensor_output.log

// Smart Agriculture Monitoring System — Live Output

// ESP32 + DHT11 + Soil Moisture Sensor

$ init_sensors --mode=realtime --interval=5s

✓ DHT11 sensor initialized ... [0x48]

✓ Soil moisture sensor initialized ... [A0]

✓ ESP32 WiFi connected ... [192.168.1.105]

// Reading sensor data...

$ read_sensors

temperature → 32.4°C

humidity → 68.2%

soil_moisture→ 72% [OPTIMAL]

✓ Soil moisture above threshold (40%) — irrigation OFF

✓ Data sent via HTTP POST → 200 OK

KEY_FEATURES

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REAL-TIME SENSOR MONITORINGContinuous monitoring of temperature, humidity, and soil moisture every 5 seconds using DHT11 and capacitive soil moisture sensor connected to ESP32 ADC pins.
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AUTOMATED IRRIGATION CONTROLRelay-controlled water pump activates automatically when soil moisture drops below a configurable threshold — reducing water waste and ensuring optimal crop hydration.
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WEB-BASED REMOTE DASHBOARDPHP + MySQL web dashboard with live charts and tables accessible from any device. Farmers can monitor their fields remotely without being physically present.
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DATA VISUALIZATION & CHARTSInteractive charts and graphs display historical trends for all sensor readings, helping farmers make data-driven decisions about irrigation and crop management.
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ALERT SYSTEMBuzzer and on-screen dashboard alerts triggered for extreme conditions — low soil moisture, high temperature above threshold, or abnormal humidity levels.
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I2C DISPLAY OUTPUTOLED/LCD display connected via I2C shows live sensor readings directly on the hardware unit — useful for on-field spot checks without needing a phone or laptop.

SYSTEM_ARCHITECTURE

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DHT11

Temp + Humidity

→

🔲

ESP32

Main Controller

→

🌐

HTTP POST

WiFi Transfer

→

🗄️

PHP + MySQL

Server + DB

→

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Dashboard

Web UI

TECH_STACK

// HARDWARE

ESP32 Microcontroller

DHT11 Sensor

Soil Moisture Sensor

Water Pump + Relay

I2C Display

Buzzer

// FIRMWARE

C++ (Arduino)

Arduino IDE

ESP32 WiFi Library

// WEB & BACKEND

PHP

HTML5 / CSS3 / JS

MySQL

XAMPP Server

HOW_IT_WORKS

STEP 01 → SENSOR DATA COLLECTION

DHT11 reads temperature and humidity. Soil moisture sensor reads analog voltage from soil. Both connected to ESP32 GPIO/ADC pins. Data sampled every 5 seconds.

STEP 02 → ESP32 PROCESSING

ESP32 processes raw sensor values, converts them to meaningful units (°C, %, percentage), displays on I2C screen, and checks against defined threshold values.

STEP 03 → AUTOMATED CONTROL

If soil moisture is below threshold → relay activates water pump for irrigation. If temperature is too high → buzzer alerts. All control is automatic.

STEP 04 → HTTP DATA PUSH

ESP32 connects to local WiFi and sends sensor readings to the PHP server via HTTP POST request.

STEP 05 → WEB DASHBOARD

PHP web dashboard queries MySQL in real-time, renders live sensor readings, interactive trend charts, and alerts. Accessible from any browser.

RESEARCH_PUBLICATION

3rd International Conference · AI, Machine Learning & Cybersecurity · 2025

Sensor Based Smart Agriculture Monitoring System Using Web & IoT

Authors: Shyam Sunder Kumar, Christin Varghese | Venue: HMR Institute of Technology, New Delhi | Year: 2025

IoTESP32Smart AgricultureMachine LearningCybersecurityWeb Dashboard

Designed and developed a complete IoT-based smart agriculture system using ESP32, soil moisture sensor, and DHT11.
Implemented automated irrigation control based on configurable soil moisture thresholds.
Built a PHP + MySQL web dashboard with real-time data visualization and alerting.
Presented at the 3rd International Conference on AI, ML & Cybersecurity at HMR Institute, New Delhi.

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